Tuesday, December 8, 2015

Blackbeard: Famous in Philadelphia, Part 3

by Marianne Ruane

Some pirates who managed to escape disease died a quicker death at the hands of authorities. William Kidd was captured in Boston and convicted of piracy, then sent to England to be hanged in 1701. While his first noose broke, landing him on the ground dazed but unharmed, the second attempt was successful. His body was tarred and hung in a gibbet over the River Thames as a warning to other pirates to change their ways. A gibbet, iron bands in the shape of a human form designed to hold a corpse together, was generally left hanging for several years until the body completely decomposed. The only complete gibbet in America is on display in Philadelphia. It was made for the pirate Thomas Wilkinson, but because he received a reprieve from hanging, the gibbet was never used. It hung in the Walnut Street Prison and then Moyamensing Prison as a warning to prisoners (wasn’t it already too late?) and eventually made its way to the Atwater Kent Museum.

Blackbeard (also known as Edward Teach) is another pirate with a colorful history and ignominious end. He was a large man, very tall, with crazy black hair and a long beard braided and tied in colored ribbons. Historians believe he may not have killed anyone while plundering – he was so frightening that everyone simply surrendered.
“[He] would strike terror into the hearts of his victims, according to some early accounts, by weaving wicks laced with gunpowder into his hair, and lighting them during battle.”1 If seeing a big bear of a man who was on fire didn’t suitably scare the sailors under attack, his no-nonsense approach would. “If a victim did not voluntarily offer up a diamond ring, Blackbeard chopped it off, finger and all. This nearly always impressed the victim, who could be counted on to impress all to whom he related his experience. These tactics also saved time, but their most important function was to help spread the word that, while Blackbeard could be merciful to those who cooperated, woe to those who did not.”2

Most pirates did not have wives. Some notable exceptions are Stede Bonnet who became a pirate to escape his nagging wife; Henry Morgan and William Kidd who had wives and children, and John Criss of Ireland who left behind three wives when he died. Blackbeard married a young woman, a relative of Governor Eden of North Carolina, who was his fourteenth wife, with at least ten of the others still living. An account by Captain Charles Johnson in A General History of the Robberies & Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates claimed, "…[H]e married a young creature of about sixteen years of age . . . and this I have been informed, made Teach's fourteenth wife . . . with whom after he had lain all night, it was his custom to invite five or six of his brutal companions to come ashore, and he would force her to prostitute herself to them all, one after another, before his face."3

Blackbeard was killed in a bloody battle with pirate hunter Robert Maynard who was commissioned by the Governor of Virgina, Alexander Spotswood. According to the Boston News Letter, “Maynard and Teach…begin the fight with their swords, Maynard making a thrust, the point of his sword went against Teach’s cartridge box, and bended it to the hilt. Teach broke the guard…and wounded Maynard’s fingers but did not disable him, whereupon he jumped back and threw away his sword and fired his pistol which wounded Teach…one of Maynard’s men being a Highlander, engaged Teach with his broad sword, who gave Teach a cut on the neck, Teach saying well done lad; the Highlander replied, If it be not well done, I’ll do it better. With that he gave him a second stroke, which cutt off his head, laying it flat on his shoulder.”4 Blackbeard did not die easily; he was shot five times and stabbed more than twenty times. His head was placed on the mast of the ship as a trophy and later hung from a pike in Bath, NC. Legend has it that when his headless body was thrown overboard, it swam around the ship three times before sinking.

So where is the alleged ghost of Blackbeard to look for his head? “Afterwards, when his head was taken down, his head was made into the bottom part of a very large punch bowl, called the infant, which was long used as a drinking vessel at the Raleigh tavern in Williamsburg.”5 There is a silver-plated skull bowl that may or may not be Blackbeard’s head in the collection of the Peabody-Essex museum in Salem, Massachusetts. Until ghost and head are reunited, treasure hunters still have a chance.

-- more by the author can be found at www.marianneruane.com

Sources:



Edward “Blackbeard” Teach (thepirateking.com)




Ocracoke Newsletter (Village Craftsmen)

Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania in Olden Time, John Fanning Watson, Applewood Books, 2009.


1 Edward “Blackbeard” Teach (thepirateking.com)
2 Pirates and Privateers: Friends and Enemies, from Lee, Robert E. Blackbeard the Pirate. John F. Blair, 2002.
3 Edward “Blackbeard” Teach (squidoo.com)
4 Pirates and Privateers: Friends and Enemies, from Cordingly, David. Under the Black Flag. New York: Random House, 1995.
5 Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania in Olden Time, John Fanning Watson, Applewood Books, 2009.




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